Asia Labour Study Group

Information and analysis for the labouring continent

Capital and labour from centre to margins

By Henry Berstein, Keynote address at the Living on the Margins Conference, Stellenbosch, 2007

I am flattered to be asked to address the first session of this conference with two such luminaries as Marty Chen and Ravi Kanbur. They have done serious work in areas central to the themes of this conference, while I have done so only tangentially through my interests in agrarian change – interests pursued within a tradition of political economy of capitalism that centres on the social class relation of capital and labour. Neither capitalism nor class are explicit in the conference motivation1 , while it refers to ‘social exclusion, informality, adverse incorporation, structural poverty, and vulnerability’. These are not novel features of the historical development of capitalism or the ‘normal’ functioning of capitalist societies, but their scale, intensity and effects, for classes of labour today appear closely linked to globalisation. I use the term ‘classes of labour’ to refer to ‘the growing numbers…who now depend – directly and indirectly – on the sale of their labour power for their own daily reproduction’ (Panitch and Leys 2001: ix; my emphasis).2 (more…)

The Making of Japan’s New Working Class: “Freeters” and the Progression From Middle School to the Labor Market

日本の新しい労働者階級の形成−−フリーターおよび中学から労働市場への参入 (by David H. Slater, Japan Focus)
Introduction: The “New Working Class” of Urban Japan

Tomo was a first-year and Keiko a third-year student at Musashino Metropolitan High School,1 a working-class high school in western Tokyo. I have known them since the early 1990’s, when I began working at their school. Two snapshots from those first years illustrate some features of family background, survival strategies, and career trajectories. These are features that they share with many working-class youth all over Japan, especially in the urban areas where public schools are more finely ranked and the labor market is larger, but also more unstable and precarious. Part I of sketches how class and culture are interrelated within the context of Japanese secondary education. Part II focuses on the ways different class groups navigate the transition from middle to high school. Part III focuses on the sorts of orientations, goals, and strategies that characterize school culture at Musashino High, a place where working-class culture takes institutionalized form through practice. The final part traces these young people’s trajectories into the bottom rungs of the service labor market and into their new status as “freeter.” (more…)

Working Class against Harmonious Society

If we’re to believe the commentary to be found in the mainstream media, China is the economic powerhouse that will pull us through the global economic crisis. Though the economic slowdown which hit the country in late 2008 was widely reported, and led to claims that China’s meteoric rise was stalling, the country’s ‘recovery’ since has been the subject of many excited column inches. The growth of its economy in 2009 has been seen as part of Asia’s ‘astonishing rebound’ – or at least that of rising powers like China, India and Indonesia – by publications such as The Economist.1 The implications for world recovery and the balance of power are significant, it is argued [By Anarchist Federation. posted at China Study Group]. (more…)

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